CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional
sentences are also known as conditional clauses or “if” clause. They are used
to express that the actions in the main clause (the clause without if) can only
take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There
are three types of conditional sentences.
(If Clause)
|
1. PRESENT
REAL
|
||
|
IF CLAUSE
|
MAIN CLAUSE
|
FACT
|
|
if+Simple
Present
If I graduate in November |
S+Modal1(will)+inf.+O
I will take master degree in December |
it is
possible to happen.
I may graduate in November so I may take master degree in December. |
|
2. PRESENT
UNREAL
|
||
|
IF CLAUSE
|
MAIN CLAUSE
|
FACT
|
|
if+Simple
Past
If I graduated in October |
S+Modal2(wouldl)+inf.+O
I would take master degree in November |
Simple Present
I don’t graduate in October so I can’t take master degree in November. |
|
3. PAST
UNREAL
|
||
|
IF CLAUSE
|
MAIN CLAUSE
|
FACT
|
|
if+ Past
Perfect
If I had graduated in March. |
S+Modal2(would)+have+V3+O
I would have taken master degree in July. |
Simple Past
I couldn’t take master degree in July because I didn’t graduate in March. |
Catatan:
- Pernyataan dalam SUBJUNCTIVE dan CONDITIONAL SENTENCES selahu bertentangan dengan fakta.
- Perubahan-perubahan TENSES yang terjadi dalam SUBJUNCTIVE juga berlaku dalam CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
- IF dalam IF CLAUSE dapat
dihilangkan jika terdapat kata bantu SHOULD, WERE, dan HAD dalam IF
CLAUSE.
ex: If I had been rich – Had I been rich
Contoh Conditional sentence
Tipe 1
- If I
have a lot of money, I’ll buy a car.
(Jika aku punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil) - If
he runs quickly, he will get there soon.
(Jika dia berlari dengan cepat, maka dia akan sampai disana segera) - I
will visit them if I have enough time.
(Saya akan mengunjungi mereka jika saya punya waktu)
Tipe
2:
- He
would come if you invited him.
(Dia akan datang jika kamu mengundangnya) - What
would you do if She came here?
(Apa yang akan kamu lakukan jika dia datang kemari?) - She
would help you if you told her the truth.
(Dia akan menolongmu jika kamu menceritakan kebenarannya)
Were
Pada pengandaian Tipe ini, semua subjek
menggunakan “were”.
Contoh:
- If I
were
a bird, I would fly in the sky.
(Jika saya seekor burung, saya akan terbang di angkasa) - I
would forgive him If Iwere
you.
(Saya akan memaafkannya jika saya jadi kamu) - She
said that she would stay at home if she were me.
(Dia berkata bahwa dia akan tetap berada di rumah jika dia menjadi saya)
Tipe 3:
- If
we had known you were there last year, we would have written you a letter.
(Kalau kami tahu kamu ada disana tahun lalu, kami akan menyuratimu) - He
could have come here if you had invited him yesterday.
(Dia akan datang jika kamu telah mengundangnya kemarin) - They
might have employed me if I had had work experience.
(Mereka mungkin akan mempekerjakan saya jika saya punya pengalaman)
